Technology & smart cities
Separate capability from ownership.
Several services may need the same platform capability without having the same operational owner. Map what can be shared, what must remain specific to a domain, and who is responsible for the connections between them.
Design the handovers.
Architecture should describe more than systems and data flows. It should clarify who approves changes, investigates failures, and maintains each interface. Otherwise an integration can work technically while remaining difficult to operate.
Sequence the dependencies.
Identify which foundational capabilities are needed before individual services can be deployed. This helps connect the architecture to procurement, mobilisation, testing, and operational readiness.
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